איך לעז

די לידער

פון מיינע פריינט

i turn to the

poems

OF MY FRIENDS

In-House Exhibition April 4, 2022 - August 1, 2023

װאַקסן מײנע קינדערלעך: מוטער און קינדער-לידער, (My Children Grow: Mother and Children's Poems), ID: JC_[YL]_Maze

YIDDISH POETS OF MONTREAL

Discover the lyricism of Jacob Isaac Segal, the charm and warmth within the children’s poetry of Ida Maze, the evocative modernism of Melech Ravitch, the honest grief of Rachel Korn, and the harrowing poetic expressions of Chava Rosenfarb. Through their works, Jewish history endures through time, and allows audiences to experience Yiddish poetry at its finest.

In our exhibition “I turn to the poems of my friends”, (title from Ravitch’s poem “Child”, 1917) we are showcasing the cultural significance of the Yiddish language by featuring a few of the prominent poets that worked in Montreal throughout the 20th century, many of which were important figures at the JPL during its lifetime. These poets used Yiddish as a vehicle to connect with their greater community, both in Montreal and around to globe, while highlighting context of Jewish life, culture, and history.

Portrait of man with round glasses with the Yiddish inscription "Yud Yud Segal" written underneath

Portrait of J.I. Segal, ID: 1255_PR001025

Jacob Isaac Segal (1896-1954)

Born Yaakov Yitzchak Skolar in Slokovitz, Podolia of the Russian Empire ( modern day Solobkovtsy, Ukraine). 

Segal arrived in Montreal around 1911, but it wasn’t until 1915 that he began to submit his poetry to the Keneder Adler (The Canadian Eagle), a Yiddish newspaper founded in 1907. The first poem Segal published was titled “Help” and outlined the horror of Jewish persecution that had been taking place within the Russian Empire. 

These initial poems began to drum up some notoriety for Segal, and the Montreal Yiddish scene was on the edge of bursting to bloom. 

Segal found true notoriety between the 1920-30’s as the burgeoning Yiddish poetry scene was gaining momentum within the community. Segal had published several books of poetry where he earned his reputation for his lyrical approach, outlining his lived experiences in bold statements, soft sentiments, and sweeping emotive phrases. Although he and his family had already moved to New York in the early 1920’s, he had made a name for himself in Montreal. 

*Please note that Segal’s poems were transcribed exactly as they appear in Der Keneder Adler without diacritics.

Portrait of smiling woman holding open book

Portrait of Ida Maze, ID: 1255_PR05158

ida maze (1893-1962)

Born Ida Zhukovsky in the Belorussian village of Ugli. At the age of 12, she and her family settled in Montreal where she began writing poetry. However, it wasn’t until Maze was 33 when she published her first volume of poetry titled A mame (A mother) following the death of her eldest son Bernard in 1923. 

Maze’s poetry often draws upon the influence of family, gathering, and togetherness while calling on inspiration gained from the sentiments, ideals, and memories of generations gone by. Fellow poets and writers would often describe her work as playful and childlike, but also tender and motherly too—and these qualities were not only reserved for her poetry, but also for many within the Jewish community of Montreal in which Maze served as a mentor, helper, comforter, and encourager. Maze’s home often served as a place of gathering for family, friends, and those needing a warm hearth, food, and bed. Maze’s house on Esplanade Avenue was known throughout the Jewish community near and far, where Maze would host literary salons, poetry readings for children, and a number of other artists, musicians and writers.. Maze was a pillar of her community, and was dedicated to the many that crossed the threshold of her doorway as well as the whimsical, loving, and playful poetry she wrote.

Portrait of older man with serious expression

Portrait of Melech Ravitch, ID: 1255_PR000874

melech ravitch (1893-1976)

Melech Ravitch was the pen name of Austrio-Hungarian poet Zechariah Choneh Bergner. Ravitch first began writing poetry as a part of the Yiddishist movement that promoted Yiddish language and culture in Eastern Europe at the turn of the 20th century. However, Ravitch emigrated to Australia in 1935 before eventually settling in Montreal, in 1938 where he participated in the Yiddish literary scene. 

Ravitch was already a well-established writer and poet before he emigrated to Montreal, having written and published his first set of poems in 1910 at 17 years old while living in Galicia (now Poland). Ravitch’s work had different periods of influence, taking more of a modernist tone and structure during the 1920’s and 30’s, with strong influence from American poet Walt Whitman, while his poetry after 1950 often sought to look back at his life, pondering more on the metaphysical and spiritual, featuring the memories of his own personal journey. Ravitch had a long and fruitful career as a poet and writer, and has a prolific selection of work to explore. 

Portrait of smiling woman

Portrait of Rachel Korn, ID: 1255_017749

rachel korn (1898-1982)

Born in Podliszki, Galicia, (now Poland) and emigrated to Montreal, Canada in 1948 at the age of 50. Korn first published her poetry after returning to Poland from Moscow following the end of the first World War in 1918. Yiddish had not been the initial language Korn composed in, and she instead had been writing in her native Polish at the beginning of her career. However, she later decided to write in Yiddish after her husband introduced her to the language, finding great joy in its use for her poetry in comparison to Polish, which she felt had become marred with anti-semitic sentiment.

Korn’s poetry offers her own personal expression of the grief and struggle she faced while living through both world wars and the subsequent evacuation of Poland by the Russians during the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union. Korn’s poetry evokes a deeply lonely and longing narrative voice—a voice which often speaks to the darkness of circumstance of her life, and the grief and loss she underwent throughout the trials of two world wars. 

Sponsored by Ida Maze, Korn emigrated to Montreal and was welcomed into the Montreal poetry scene immediately, finding a wealth of camaraderie. It was in this setting where she would continue to write and publish poetry in Montreal until her death in 1982.

To learn more about the life and work of Rachel Korn, we invite you to visit the JPL-A’s in-depth exhibition here.

Portrait of smiling woman

Portrait of Chava Rosenfarb, ID: 1255_PR000633

chava rosenfarb (1923-2011)

Born in Lodz, Poland a decade before the outbreak of the second World War. Sometime between 1939 and 1940, Rosenfarb and her family were sent to the Lodz Ghetto before being deported to Auschwitz, where she was separated from her father and then moved to Bergen-Belson concentration camp. After the liberation of Bergen-Belsen in 1945, Rosenfarb would live in Belgium for 4 years before emigrating to Montreal, Canada with her husband, Henry Morgantaler.

Rosenfarb began writing poetry as a teenager, and continued to compose poetry after her liberation and subsequent emigration to Montreal, and published her first collection in 1947. However, in 1972 Rosenfarb transitioned from poetry to prose after finding that she couldn’t express the horror, grief, and pain she experienced during the Holocaust within the parameters of poetic or dramatic writing—instead Rosenfarb opted to publish a chronicle of her experiences in a three volume set of books titled The Tree of Life that details the destruction of the Lodz Jewish community. Rosenfarb’s poetry and prose breathes out a voice of sharp honesty, romance, deep longing, and subtle appreciation of the complexities in life, even within dire and harrowing circumstances. 

learn more about these poets and their work:

please visit us at the jpl for the PHYSICAL COMPANION EXHIBIT featured until AUGUST 1, 2023.

Meet our collaborators

JPL WISHES TO THANK DR. AARON KRISHTALKA AS WELL AS OUR 2023 RESIDENT SCHOLAR SARA CANTLER FOR THEIR INDISPENSABLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO CELEBRATING YIDDISH: I TURN TO THE POEMS OF MY FRIENDS.

SARA CANTLER

Sara has a background in History and is pursuing her masters at McGill University for Information Studies. She initially found her passion for libraries and archives during her time at Towson University in Maryland where she interned at the Cook Library Archives and Special Collections and had the opportunity to get a first-hand look at truly historic and invaluable materials, solidifying for her the importance of libraries and archives in the effort to maintain and preserve our collective history. 

DR. AARON KRISHTALKA

Dr. Aaron Krishtalka was born in wartime Montreal and grew up in a literary, book and tradition-loving family—emigrants from southeastern Poland and Volynia, who spoke and sang, wrote, argued, and published in, taught, loved, and spread Yiddish. He launched into lifelong schooling in the Morris Winchevsky Shule in Montreal, and then entered stranger, broader lands at Baron Byng High School and McGill University. There, History drove him to an eventual PhD, and to teach European history at Dawson College and McGill University. Yiddish literature and letters, in books, journals, and latterly computer screens, kept him company all along, together with his bicycle and woodworking tools. He had the good fortune to marry Henie Shainblum (whose parents, among their many other talents, also spoke, sang, and taught in Yiddish), and together they have two sons, Gideon and Sholem.

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Part I: A Gift for the Children

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Part II: A Gift for the Children